The Dark History of Valencia’s Turia & Five Historic Bridges
Today, Valencia’s Turia Garden (Jardín del Turia) feels like a safe haven, a place to relax and enjoy the sunshine. But not so long ago, it was a place that instilled absolute terror and fear. The contrast is almost startling: people jog through the Turia in the morning, blissful and at peace. (Many even jog in the middle of the night- which is wild for us Americans to think about.) Families picnic under palm trees, and cyclists ride along serene paths that run the length of the old riverbed. The Turia is for leisure, sunlight, and weekend relaxation.
But for centuries, this same space was one of the most dangerous parts of the city. Its now dry riverbed once belonged to a raging river that could not only become Valencia’s biggest threat, it also put enemies- and their historically dark deeds- on full display.
And the five oldest historic bridges (Los cinco puentes históricos) still standing over the old river tell that story better than almost anything else in Valencia. In this article, we will discuss the terrifying events that have occurred at the cities’ most important bridges, as well as a detailed overview of the many floods that have drastically affected the lives of the city as well.
Because each one of these historical bridges carries a darker past than most visitors realize.
Content Warning: This article explores dark historical events, including themes of death, violence, and criminal activity. Reader discretion is advised.
Note: Want to see exactly where these events happened? There is an interactive map towards the end of this article! Click on the icons to explore the route and see exclusive photos of each historical site.
Key Takeaways
- A Hidden Landscape of Terror: The peaceful Turia Gardens were once a raging riverbed used for public executions, firing squads, and displaying severed heads.
- Spain’s Last Heresy Execution: Discover which bridge marks the exact area where Cayetano Ripoll was symbolically burned in a barrel in 1826.
- The “Human Dam” of 1776: Learn how a massive flood ripped coffins from rural graveyards and smashed them into the Bridge of the Sea.
- Pillaged Graves for Royalty: Find out which bridge was hastily built using stolen tombstones just to meet a royal wedding deadline.
#1- Puente de la Trinidad (The Trinity Bridge): Executions, Plague, and Valencia’s Oldest Bridge
The oldest surviving stone bridge in Valencia is the Trinity Bridge. Municipal records usually place its construction in the late 14th and early 15th centuries under the supervision of the Junta de Murs i Valls, the institution responsible for maintaining Valencia’s walls, bridges, and hydraulic defenses.
Its Gothic stone design ended up being the reason this bridge survived when earlier crossings kept failing under constant flood pressure.
Historic Valencia Watched Public Executions Near The Trinity Bridge
A scholarly study on capital punishment in Valencia from 1450 to 1500 places one of the city’s most frequently used burning grounds on the Rambla below the Monastery of the Trinity, near Trinity Bridge. In some cases, when criminals were sentenced to execution, one method was to be burned at the stake, including those sentenced to death for heresy, witchcraft, sodomy, assault and more.
That being said, large fire pyres would have been a very dangerous hazard within the city walls. This meant that these executions needed to happen at a strategic location outside of Valencia’s city, while still being accessible for public viewing.
The left riverbank of the Trinity Bridge provided a perfect location for these executions. Crowds of people could gather along the banks of the Turia, and on both the Trinity and Serranos bridges to the north and south, to watch these executions unfold.
This location was strategic- the burning grounds sat outside the city walls, where large pyres could be built without creating a fire risk inside the city of Valencia itself. This would have been especially important after the historically disastrous fire of 1447 and other major fires inside the city walls over time.
Likewise, the river’s water provided a safety net if things were to burn beyond control. The same study explains that the left bank near Trinity also provided an easy place for large crowds to gather safely along the Turia while still keeping the punishment highly visible.
While today, we tend to only think of the Trinity Bridge as the link between the city center to the famous 15th century monastery, The Real Monasterio de la Santísima Trinidad, it’s dark history as the city’s primary burning grounds still lingers, inviting us to remember the people whose lives were ended there.
It’s not exactly the detail most people think about while leaning on the stone rail for a sunset photo.
#2- Puente de San José (Saint Joseph Bridge): Cayetano Ripoll and Valencia’s Last Heresy Execution
The Saint Joseph Bridge began as a wooden crossing as early as 1383. Like so many things built over the old Turia, it held its own dark past- including massive damage from floods.
After various repeated floods damaged the older wooden crossing, it was rebuilt in stone in the early 17th century by the Junta de Murs i Valls, Valencia’s civic council responsible for walls, bridges, and flood defenses.
Like several later bridges, its design clearly followed the stronger Gothic stone logic already proven to be steady and strong by Trinity Bridge.
For centuries, this crossing linked the historic city with the northern districts of Zaidía and Marchalenes. It is also one of the bridges most often connected with one of Valencia’s most debated dark history stories: the death of Cayetano Ripoll.
How Puente de San José Became Linked to Spain’s Last Heresy Case
Ripoll was a schoolteacher, former soldier, and prisoner of war during the Peninsular War. During Ripoll’s captivity under French control, historians believe he encountered Enlightenment ideas that later shaped his religious views. Spoiler alert: these views did NOT agree with the Catholic church teachings or beliefs.
When he returned to Valencia, Ripoll taught children at a local school and reportedly removed certain traditional Catholic formulas from daily instruction, replacing them with simpler Deist expressions.
That became extremely dangerous for him. In a Catholic dominant country, the core beliefs, arguments, and philosophical sayings of Deism could clash with the canonical teachings of the Church. Teaching these beliefs to others- especially children- could have been treated as heresy.
In 1824, Ripoll was arrested and tried by a local Junta de Fe, a religious court that had replaced the Spanish Inquisition but still enforced its ideas.
After a trial process that had dragged on for nearly two years, Ripoll was executed on the 31st of July, 1826. Since being burned at the stake was no longer legally allowed by the Inquisition, he was sentenced to be hanged instead.
Historians generally agree that the hanging itself took place publicly in Valencia, most likely at the Plaza del Mercat, where these executions often took place.
But even more grim, it’s generally believed that his remains were then placed into a wooden barrel that had been painted with flames along the outside- a symbolic display to signify burning. This barrel was displayed along the riverbank near the Saint Joseph Bridge (Puente de San José).
Other local historians suggest that his remains would have been cremated, however, or that he was simply ‘disposed of’ along the riverbank nearby. The crematorium was also located along the north riverbank, close to the Saint Joseph Bridge.
Because Valencia often separated execution, symbolic punishment, and burial across nearby spaces (instead of keeping everything in one location), it is hard to distinguish exactly what happened to Ripoll’s remains. What is not debated though, is that Ripoll became the last person executed for heresy in Spain.
That gives the Puente de San José a strange historical weight: a peaceful crossing today marks the final memory of religious executions in modern Spanish history.
#3- Puente de Serranos (Serranos Bridge): Rebels, Processions, and Public Punishment
Serranos Bridge became one of Valencia’s most important crossings after repeated flood damage also forced the city to rebuild it in stone.
Its connection to the Serranos Towers made it the main northern entrance into Valencia for centuries. Some local historians describe the Serranos gate and bridge corridor as the main access point into the walled city, with one local account claiming it handled up to 95% of access into Valencia.
The Puente de Serranos was more than just a bridge, checkpoint or toll route. It was (and still is) a symbolic front door to the city. As a result, the bridge became a very useful place for power to be displayed.
Serranos Bridge: The Main Gateway to Valencia City
The Serranos Bridge looked very different in earlier centuries. According to Cultural València, it once had a series of statues placed on small stone structures along the crossing, including figures like San Pedro Nolasco, San Pedro Pascual, Father Jofré, Teresa Gil de Vidaure, and Our Lady of Mercy.
But when the threat of Napoleonic troops reached Valencia, the city made a strategic decision to remove anything that could give their opponents cover, elevation, or an advantage point. The statues, their stone housings, and parts of the bridge’s upper edges were torn down and thrown into the river.
And while this in itself was interesting, it’s not what gives the Puente de Serranos its dark history.
Because this bridge sat as a border between inner-city control and what happened outside the walls, it became deeply tied to both death and punishment rituals.
The Puente de Serranos and the Brotherhood
One of the strongest documented examples involves the Cofradía de los Inocentes y Desamparados, which translates to: the Brotherhood of the Innocents and Helpless.
This religious brotherhood regularly crossed through the Serranos gate corridor when traveling toward the execution fields at Carraixet, just outside Valencia, where the bodies of executed criminals were often left exposed after death. Sometimes, they were left hanging as a warning to anyone who entered the city, and other times dumped in a field to keep decay outside of the city.
The Brotherhood’s task was grim but considered charitable. They recovered abandoned remains, wrapped them, and brought them back for a Christian burial. In this case, Serranos Bridge became a key part of Valencia’s ritual route between death and burial.
And- perhaps unsurprisingly- there is more dark history connected to the Serranos Bridge.
The Serranos Bridge As A Morbid Display of Warning
This bridge is also closely associated with the aftermath of the Germanías Revolt, a major rebellion that began in Valencia when local guild militias turned against royal authority, frustrated by noble privilege, weak leadership, plague, and economic pressure.
At first, many of these armed groups had been allowed to organize to defend the city when needed. But by 1519, they had become politically powerful enough to challenge who controlled Valencia itself.
After rebel leader Vicent Peris was captured in 1522, contemporary accounts record that he was executed, dismembered, and publicly displayed as a warning to future rebels.
According to Valencian historian Vicent Boix (as well as other contemporary historians), parts of Peris’ remains were displayed at various strategic locations in Valencia. Even more morbid, his head was placed on a spike and left exposed for multiple years as a bold statement to anyone thinking about challenging royal power.
So even after death, Vicent Peris was still being used to make a political point. And this was not uncommon- according to historian Jorge A. Catalá Sanz, heads, hands, arms, and legs of executed people were used to mark territory and were placed where passersby could see them, including access gates to the capital and road crosses.
That means one of the busiest tourist crossings in Valencia also stood inside one of the city’s harshest political warning systems. Today people usually stop here for the tower photos and river views. Five hundred years ago, the mood was very different. That being said, Valencia is filled with beautiful places that have dark and disturbing histories.
#4- Puente del Mar (The Bridge Of The Sea): Marshland, Port Roads, and Civil War Violence
Puente del Mar was built at the end of the 16th century after another destructive flood forced Valencia to invest once again in stone construction. Its route connected the city with the road toward the port.
For goods, soldiers, and travelers, the Puente del Mar was one of Valencia’s essential eastern crossings.
This bridge also developed a very different reputation, largely because of the landscape on the other side of it.
Why the Sea Bridge Carried Valencia’s Rougher Reputation
Before modern urban growth, this side of the river was not the clean, open city space visitors see today. It was marshy, overgrown, and much harder to control than the streets inside the city walls. Several local documents describe this stretch as the kind of place where criminal activity could happen away from crowds, guards, and anyone asking too many questions.
Pau Carsí’s 19th century dietario of Valencia’s customs and daily life helps give this area its darker edge. His notes describe a riverside world that was not just pretty bridges and city views. It was a rougher borderland where the road to the port passed through marshy ground that was relatively unsupervised by the city or law enforcement.
In addition, there is a darker tradition around Puente del Mar. Local accounts have associated this wider riverside area with military punishment as well, including firing squad executions for soldiers accused of serious crimes such as desertion.
And lastly, it’s important to remember that this bridge was also the city’s connection to the sea, making it an important access point for traders and merchants bringing goods into the city. So Puente del Mar was not only a beautiful route toward the sea. It provided ample room on the other side for both crime and punishment, sitting beside a landscape where soldiers, goods, travelers, criminals, and punishment all moved through the same corridor.
Puente Del Mar and Spanish Civil War Casualty
One of the darkest modern stories connected to Puente del Mar comes from the early weeks of the Spanish Civil War. In August 1936, conservative politician Julio Colomer Vidal was taken during the night by armed militia and executed on or near the bridge.
These were not Franco’s men. In Valencia, during the first chaotic weeks of the Spanish Civil War, armed militia groups tied to left wing revolutionary committees were carrying out arrests outside formal court systems.
Men that were linked to conservative politics, religion, or former power structures were often targeted because they were seen as possible supporters of the military uprising, enemies of the Republic, or symbols of the old order.
Julio Colomer Vidal was a lawyer, politician, and well known conservative figure, which made him vulnerable the moment political control collapsed into violence.
A later family biographical account says his body was left on the bridge until it was discovered the next morning.
That event became one of the bridge’s most cited twentieth century dark history moments.
It is striking because Puente del Mar now feels almost ceremonial, quiet, and elegant, especially at sunset, which is not usually when people imagine political killings.
#5- Puente del Real (The Royal Bridge): Royal Access, Tombstones, and a Palace Destroyed by War
The final bridge on our list is the Puente del Real. The Royal Bridge was completed in 1598 to create a direct ceremonial route between the city and the Royal Palace, which once stood in what is now the Jardines del Real (Royal Gardens).
The bridge’s completion date lines up perfectly with one very important event: the wedding celebrations of King Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty. So this bridge was not built just for ordinary city movement: it was finished to give royalty a direct route between the city and the old Royal Palace. And unfortunately, the bridge needed to be completed quickly. That pressure created one of the bridge’s most unusual historical details.
A Bridge Allegedly Built From Tombstones
Several local historians state that builders reused carved stone from nearby religious and funerary structures, including material linked to the Convent of Santo Domingo, in order to finish construction on time. According to the Valencia City Guide, construction used ashlars and keystones from the convent’s cemetery to help finish Puente del Real in time for the royal wedding.
This has led to the enduring claim that part of the bridge contains stone taken from old tombstones, although historians disagree on how much of that stone may have been used, and how much is still visible today. The bridge was not just a royal crossing. According to these local histories, part of it may have been built with stone taken from a place meant for the dead, all because Valencia needed the bridge finished in time for a royal wedding.
The bridge, however, has outlasted the Palace and the Spanish dynasty’s Valencian occupation.
A Royal Bridge: How War Changed Everything
In 1808, Napoleon’s French army had begun invading Spain, sparking wars throughout the country. In 1810, Valencia made the heartwrenching- but strategic- decision to demolish the royal palace. Because the palace sat outside of the city, if it was taken over by the French, it would have provided a powerful stronghold for their army to potentially defeat Valencia. So they tore it down, much like they destroyed the decorations on the towers at the Serranos Bridge.
Despite their defensive preparations, however, in January of 1812, Valencia had fallen to the French. Marshal Suchet’s forces besieged Valencia from late December 1811 to 9 January 1812, using what’s known as an ‘encirclement’ strategy to approach the city from multiple sides. His main column crossed the Turia upstream at Riba-roja on the night of 25 December 1811, while other forces pressured the Spanish lines from different directions, including toward the coast and Mislata.
Napoleon left lasting damage throughout the city during his short occupation, but by 1813, Napoleon’s forces were already under pressure across Spain. After major defeats elsewhere, French control began to collapse, and troops withdrew from Valencia as part of a wider retreat.
By this point, the Puente del Real had become associated not only with monarchy, but also with occupation, fear, and the loss of the palace it had originally been built to serve. Today most visitors cross it on the way to the gardens without realizing the royal route also held an important role in wartime history.
Interactive Map: Valencia’s Turia & Historic Bridges
How to use this map: Click on any of the map icons to explore a location. From there, click on the preview image to open up a full slideshow of historic and modern photos!
Summary Table: The Five Historic Bridges and Their Dark History
| Bridge | Completed or Rebuilt in Stone | Approx. Length | Historical Role | Dark History Connection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puente de la Trinidad | Early 15th century | About 158 m | Oldest surviving stone bridge | Burning ground near Trinity, flood survival, public execution viewing |
| Puente de San José | 1607 or 1608 | About 148 m | Northern city crossing | Cayetano Ripoll and heresy memory |
| Puente de Serranos | 1518 | About 160 m | Main city entrance | Brotherhood death processions, Vicent Peris aftermath |
| Puente del Mar | 1596 | About 160 m | Port connection | Marshland reputation and Civil War era violence claims |
| Puente del Real | 1598 | About 160 m | Royal ceremonial route | Stone taken from old tombstones, Royal Palace demolition |
Valencia Flood History: How the Turia Became the Jardín del Turia
An article about the dark history of Valencia’s Turia Gardens (Jardín del Turia) wouldn’t be complete without discussing the threat of the river’s water itself. Floods have been a consistent threat to the Valencian region for centuries- perhaps stretching back as far as its first human occupation.
The flood most modern Valencians reference first is the Great Flood of 1957. On 14 October, intense rainfall upstream caused the Turia to overflow through the city in two violent waves. Official records usually place the death toll at 81, although later accounts sometimes suggest the full human cost may have been higher once missing persons were considered.
That disaster changed Valencia permanently. The city responded by diverting the river south through what became known as Plan Sur, leaving the old riverbed empty and eventually becoming the Jardín del Turia, or Turia Gardens.
But flood history in Valencia did not begin in 1957, and it did not end there.
Municipal flood records collected by Valencian historian Francesc Almela i Vives in Las riadas del Turia (The Floods of the Turia) document destructive floods stretching back to the medieval period, with repeated major disasters recorded across centuries.
Even now, flood trauma remains part of Valencian memory, especially after the DANA disaster of 2024. The official death toll reached more than 230 people across the affected areas, with Valencia suffering the greatest loss. In the days after, people across Valencia once again came together to help neighbors, clear streets, deliver supplies, and support communities that had been hit hardest.
| Date | What Happened | Damage and Bridge Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1321 | One of the early destructive floods recorded in Valencian flood histories | Helped establish the Turia as a recurring urban threat rather than a one time disaster |
| 1358 | Another major medieval flood recorded by later flood chroniclers | Flood pressure continued to damage river crossings and forced Valencia to keep investing in walls, bridges, and defenses |
| 1406 | A severe flood struck Valencia during the medieval period | Earlier wooden or weaker crossings struggled against repeated floods, which is why later stone bridges became so important |
| 1517 | A major flood damaged or destroyed several river crossings | This flood is especially important for the bridge story because it led to major rebuilding across Valencia’s river crossings, including the rebuilding of Serranos Bridge in stone |
| 1589 | Another destructive Turia flood hit the city | The damage helped push Valencia toward more permanent stone construction, including the building of Puente del Mar in the 1590s |
| 1776 | A major flood studied by geographer Alfredo Faus Prieto | The flood caused widespread urban damage and showed that even after the great stone bridges existed, the Turia still remained dangerous |
| 1949 | One of the last major floods before the disaster of 1957 | It reminded the city that the river problem had not been solved, even in the modern period |
| 1957 | The Great Flood of Valencia struck the city on 14 October | Official records usually place the death toll at 81. This disaster led directly to Plan Sur and the later transformation of the old riverbed into the Jardín del Turia |
| 2024 | The DANA disaster caused catastrophic flooding across the Valencia region | The old Turia riverbed did not cause the disaster, but the event showed how deeply flood memory still shapes Valencia today |
What to Know Before You Visit Valencia’s Historic Turia Bridges
If you are planning to explore these five historic river crossings, the walking route begins at the westernmost point, Puente de San José (located at Paseo de la Pechina, s/n, 46009, Valencia, Spain), and runs approximately 2.5 kilometers east along the sunken Jardín del Turia bed to the Puente del Mar. The open riverbed park itself remains accessible 24 hours a day. However, navigating between the park level (the riverbed floor) and the street level (the bridge decks) requires utilizing the historic stone staircases built directly into the bridge buttresses.
To reach the start of the bridge route, you can take a pleasant 10-minute walk from the Torres de Serranos directly down into the park. If you are using public transit, use your municipal SUMA 10 Card to ride Metro Line 4 to the Pont de Fusta station (located directly adjacent to the northern end of Puente de la Trinidad) or Metro Lines 3, 5, or 9 to the Alameda station, which exits directly inside the riverbed between Puente del Real and Puente del Mar. Alternatively, you can take Bus Line 94 or 95, which run along the riverbanks, stopping at multiple bridges along the route.
- Footwear Warning Tip: The historic stone steps ascending from the riverbed floor to the bridge decks (especially the late-medieval stairs on the Puente de la Trinidad) are worn smooth by centuries of foot traffic. They become incredibly slick when wet or even slightly damp from morning dew. Wear broken-in shoes with reliable rubber soles to prevent a dangerous fall.
- Sunscreen and Heat Warning Tip: The sunken Turia riverbed acts as a natural heat basin during the day, and there is absolutely no tree canopy or shade directly beneath or on top of the stone bridge decks. If you walk this route between 11:00 AM and 4:00 PM, bring high-SPF sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water; the Mediterranean sun radiating off the stone blocks can quickly cause heat exhaustion.
- GPS and Offline Maps Tip: When walking directly beneath the massive stone vaults of the Puente de Serranos or Puente del Real, the thick medieval masonry can instantly scramble your phone’s GPS signal. Download an offline map (like the interactive Cursed Voices custom map) before descending into the riverbed to avoid losing your bearings along the path.
- Tactile Heritage Tip: Look for the master stonemasons’ marks (marcas de cantero) carved directly into the lower stone blocks of the Puente de Serranos. Touching these symbols connects you directly to the 14th-century craftsmen who laid them.
- Visual Contrast Tip: Arrive at the Puente de la Trinidad at dusk. Stand on the deck looking toward the dark silhouette of the old city gate as the modern orange streetlamps click on. The stark contrast between the ancient stone and the warm, low light perfectly captures the haunting atmosphere of Valencia’s medieval twilight.
Where to Stay Near the Turia Bridges
To fully immerse yourself in the dark history and medieval architecture of old-town Valencia, consider booking your stay at one of these premier local hotels, all located within walking distance of the historic riverbed:
- Caro Hotel: Located just a five-minute stroll from the Puente de la Trinidad (the oldest bridge on our list), this exceptional property is built directly into the remains of Valencia’s 13th-century Arabic defensive walls. It offers an incredibly quiet, atmospheric stay that feels like sleeping inside a masterfully curated archaeological monument.
- MYR Palacio Vallier: This high-end, five-star hotel is a converted 19th-century palace located in the historic center, just a five-minute walk from the Puente de Serranos and the old northern city gates. Built directly over the remains of Roman ruins, it places you on the very edge of the medieval city’s protective boundary.
- Or see our full breakdown of 6 hotels in Valencia that are perfect for history buffs.
FREE DOWNLOAD: Valencia’s Dark History 2-Day Itinerary
Don’t explore the city blind. Get our free, interactive 2-Day PDF Guide featuring custom offline maps, exact coordinate pins, and the unvarnished primary histories of Valencia’s most macabre corners. Download Your Free Valencia Itinerary Here.
What the Turia Still Means Today
The Turia does not feel dark when you walk it. It feels peaceful, connecting you to nature and a sense of calm. Perhaps that’s exactly why so much of Valencia’s dark and morbid past disappears in plain sight.
A person can cross all five historic bridges in a single afternoon and never realize they are moving through flood memory, execution grounds, burial routes, rebellion, war damage, and political violence- all layered into the same landscape.
Valencia did what old cities often do best: it survived disasters and historically dark moments. It rebuilt and recovered. And somehow, turned one of Valencia’s most feared places into one of its most beautiful.
FAQ: Dark History of Valencia’s Turia
A scholarly study on capital punishment in Valencia from 1450 to 1500 places one of the city’s most used burning grounds on the Rambla below the Monastery of the Trinity, near Trinity Bridge. This makes the Trinity area one of the clearest documented punishment landscapes connected to the old Turia riverbed.
The execution itself took place publicly in Valencia, but historians debate whether the symbolic ‘burning’ and/or cremation of his remains occurred, both of which were close to the Saint Joseph Bridge area.
Yes. All five bridges can be visited on foot through the Jardín del Turia and the historic center in one day. The walk from Puente del Mar to Puente de San José takes about 45 minutes, depending on your pace and how often you stop for photos.
The river was diverted after the catastrophic flood of 1957 to protect Valencia from repeated urban flooding. In 1986, the dry riverbed was officially converted into a public park stretching through the city.
Liked this post? Check out more of our dark histories podcast, deep dives and posts!
How 5 Religious Figures Dismantled European Witch Trials- From the Inside
Where to Stay in Valencia: 6 Hotels for History Buffs
What to Know Before Visiting Valencia: Packing & Survival Guide
9 Dark Legends From Europe’s Most Beautiful Locations
2 Days in Valencia: A History Lover’s Guide to the Old Town
5 of Europe’s Most Infamous Monsters… Were They Innocent?
Thank you for exploring these darker corners of the past with us!
Check out our full deep-dives (and the documents we found)- subscribe to our YouTube Channel.
Prefer to listen on the go? You can find us on Spotify for your midnight commutes.
Finally, Cursed Voices is a labor of love and intensive research. Please consider supporting our work on Buy Me a Coffee. Every cup helps us dig a little deeper into each new piece of weird history.
We couldn’t do this without your curiosity and support. Thank you for being part of the Cursed Voices community!
Click HERE to jump back to top of page.
Scholarly Resources for Historical Sources & Further Reading
Note: These resources have been reviewed by Larry and/or Jess and are publically available unless otherwise stated below.
1- Francesc Almela i Vives, Las riadas del Turia: 1321 to 1949. (1957) https://cataleg.uji.es/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002538209706336
2- José Ángel Núñez Mora, “Crónica de las catastróficas riadas del Turia en València.” (n.d.) https://www.divulgameteo.es/fotos/meteoroteca/Riadas-catastr%C3%B3ficas-Turia.pdf
3- Alfredo Faus Prieto, “La ciudad de Valencia ante las riadas del Turia de 1776.” (1999) https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/37822.pdf
4- María Jesús Ruiz Aloy, “En torno a la riada de 1957 en la ciudad de Valencia.” (2019) https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/ScriptaNova/article/download/22969/29601
5- Visit Valencia, “Turia Garden.” (n.d.) https://www.visitvalencia.com/en/what-to-see-valencia/turia-gardens
6- Visit Valencia, “Valencia Green Routes.” (n.d.) https://www.visitvalencia.com/en/green-routes
7- La Moncloa, “Actualización de datos del Gobierno de España.” (2024) https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/info-dana/paginas/2024/031224-datos-seguimiento-actuaciones-gobierno.aspx
8- Cultural València, “St. Joseph’s Bridge.” (n.d.) https://cultural.valencia.es/en/monument/st-josephs-bridge/
9- Cultural València, “Serranos Bridge.” (n.d.) https://cultural.valencia.es/en/monument/serranos-bridge/
10- Valencia City Guide, “Puente de Serranos.” (n.d.) https://www.valencia-cityguide.com/tourist-attractions/bridges/puente-de-serranos.html
11- Cultural València, “Puente de la Mar.” (n.d.) https://cultural.valencia.es/es/monument/puente-de-la-mar/
12- Cultural València, “Puente del Real.” (n.d.) https://cultural.valencia.es/es/monument/puente-del-real/
13- Valencia City Guide, “Puente del Real.” (n.d.) https://www.valencia-cityguide.com/es/atracciones-turisticas/puentes/puente-del-real.html
14- Valencia City Guide, “Del Real Bridge.” (n.d.) https://www.valencia-cityguide.com/tourist-attractions/bridges/puente-del-real.html
15- Jorge Antonio Catalá Sanz and Pablo Pérez García, “La pena capital en Valencia, 1450 to 1500: cifras, espacios urbanos y ritualidades funerarias de la Cofradía de Inocentes y Desamparados.” (2021) https://revistahistoriamoderna.ua.es/article/view/19470
16- Jorge Antonio Catalá Sanz and Pablo Pérez García, “La pena capital en Valencia, 1450 to 1500.” DOI. (2021) https://doi.org/10.14198/RHM2021.39.10
17- Jorge Antonio Catalá Sanz and Pablo Pérez García, “La pena capital en Valencia, 1450 to 1500.” PDF. (2021) https://rua.ua.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/80dc1bcd-e90c-4906-a274-5315298b6902/content
18- Stephen Haliczer, Inquisition and Society in the Kingdom of Valencia, 1478 to 1834. (1990) https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&id=crCQmS_85EEC&printsec=copyright
19- Stephen Haliczer, Inquisition and Society in the Kingdom of Valencia, 1478 to 1834. Archive.org record. (1990) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_crCQmS_85EEC
20- “Cayetano Ripoll.” Wikipedia. (n.d.) https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayetano_Ripoll
21- “Cayetano Ripoll. El último ajusticiado por un asunto de fe, Valencia, 1826.” ResearchGate listing. (n.d.) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328413655_Cayetano_Ripoll_El_ultimo_ajusticiado_por_un_asunto_de_fe_Valencia_1826
22- Universitat de València, “Germanías Project.” (n.d.) https://germania.uv.es/
23- Real Academia de la Historia, “Vicente Peris.” (n.d.) https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/36853-vicente-peris
24- Vicente Boix, Valencia histórica y topográfica. (1862) https://books.google.com/books?id=ozlzbNyga4UC
25- Ricardo García Cárcel, “Las Germanías de Valencia y la actitud revolucionaria de los gremios.” (1973) https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2059883
26- Francisco Coloma Colomer and Isabel Saiz Giorgeta, “Julio Colomer Vidal.” (2010) https://pcoloma-blogcoloma.blogspot.com/2010/11/julio-colomer-vidal-por-francisco.html
27- Octavio Ruiz-Manjón, article on deputies assassinated in 1936. (n.d.) https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4962862.pdf
28- Congreso de los Diputados, “Archivo histórico de diputados.” (n.d.) https://www.congreso.es/archivo-historico-de-diputados
29- Cultural València, “Royal Palace.” (n.d.) https://cultural.valencia.es/en/arqueologia-centro/royal-palace/
30- Víctor Yepes, “El Puente del Real sobre el viejo cauce del Turia en Valencia.” (2020) https://victoryepes.blogs.upv.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/El-Puente-del-Real-sobre-el-viejo-cauce-del-Turia-en-Valencia.pdf
31- Jorge A. Catalá Sanz, “Espacios y paisajes del horror en la Valencia moderna, siglos XV, XVI y XVII.” (2022) https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8621412.pdf
